Which state of matter has a fixed shape and a fixed volume?
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Vapour
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WhyIn a solid the particles are held in fixed positions by strong forces, giving a definite shape and volume.
2Multiple choice · Easy
What is the name of the change of state from a liquid to a gas?
Evaporation
Condensation
Freezing
Melting
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WhyEvaporation (or boiling) is the change from liquid to gas as particles gain enough energy to escape.
3Multiple choice · Easy
In which state are the particles arranged in a regular, closely packed pattern?
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Plasma
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WhySolids have particles arranged in a regular pattern, packed closely together and only vibrating about fixed points.
4Multiple choice · Easy
Which state of matter can be compressed the most easily?
Gas
Solid
Liquid
Crystal
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WhyGases have large spaces between particles, so they can be squeezed into a much smaller volume.
5Fill in the blank · Easy
The change of state from a solid directly to a gas, without becoming a liquid, is called .
Answer:
sublimation / sublimating
WhySublimation is the direct change from solid to gas; an example is solid CO2 (dry ice).
6Fill in the blank · Easy
When a gas cools and turns into a liquid, the change of state is called .
Answer:
condensation / condensing
WhyCondensation occurs when gas particles lose energy and come close enough to form a liquid.
7Multiple choice · Medium
Why can a gas flow and spread out to fill its container?
The particles move randomly and are far apart with very weak forces between them
The particles are packed closely in a fixed pattern
The particles cannot move at all
The particles are joined by strong bonds in fixed positions
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WhyGas particles have very weak forces between them and move randomly at high speed in all directions, so they spread to fill any container.
8Multiple choice · Medium
What happens to the arrangement and movement of particles when a solid melts?
They become less ordered and are able to move past one another
They become more ordered and stop moving
They move far apart and travel in straight lines
They stay in fixed positions but vibrate faster
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WhyOn melting, particles gain energy, overcome some of the forces holding them in place, and can move past one another, becoming less ordered.
9Multiple choice · Medium
A few crystals of purple potassium manganate(VII) are placed at the bottom of a beaker of still water. After a day the whole beaker is purple. What process has occurred?
Diffusion
Condensation
Filtration
Sublimation
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WhyThe coloured particles spread through the water by diffusion, moving from a region of higher concentration to lower concentration.
10Multiple choice · Medium
Which of these correctly describes the particles in a liquid?
Close together, randomly arranged, able to slide past one another
Far apart, random, moving very fast
Close together, regular pattern, only vibrating
Far apart, regular pattern, not moving
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WhyLiquid particles are close together but not in a fixed pattern; they can move around and slide past each other, giving a fixed volume but no fixed shape.
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