Cambridge IGCSE · Biology 0610

IGCSE Biology: Transport in plants — Practice Questions & Answers

Understand xylem, phloem, transpiration and translocation, and how water and food move around a plant for IGCSE Biology.

794 practice questions available for this topic — here are 10 with full answers and explanations.

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Practice questions with answers

1 Multiple choice · Easy

Which tissue transports water and mineral ions from the roots to the leaves?

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WhyXylem carries water and dissolved mineral ions upwards from roots to the rest of the plant.
2 Multiple choice · Easy

Which tissue transports sucrose and amino acids around the plant?

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WhyPhloem translocates dissolved food substances such as sucrose and amino acids.
3 Multiple choice · Easy

What is the loss of water vapour from the leaves of a plant called?

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WhyTranspiration is the loss of water vapour from plant leaves, mainly through the stomata.
4 Multiple choice · Easy

Which cells on a root absorb most of the water from the soil?

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WhyRoot hair cells have a large surface area that increases the rate of water absorption.
5 Multiple choice · Easy

By which process does water enter a root hair cell from the soil?

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WhyWater moves into the root hair cell by osmosis, from a dilute soil solution to a more concentrated cell.
6 Multiple choice · Easy

Through which structures does most water vapour leave a leaf during transpiration?

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WhyMost water vapour is lost through the stomata, which are pores on the leaf surface.
7 Multiple choice · Easy

The movement of sucrose and amino acids in the phloem is known as what?

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WhyTranslocation is the transport of dissolved food (sucrose and amino acids) in the phloem.
8 Multiple choice · Easy

Which pair of cells controls the opening and closing of a stoma?

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WhyA pair of guard cells surrounds each stoma and changes shape to open or close the pore.
9 Multiple choice · Medium

Which feature of a root hair cell increases the rate of water uptake from the soil?

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WhyThe long, thin extension of a root hair cell greatly increases the surface area for absorbing water.
10 Multiple choice · Medium

In a young root, in which order does water pass through the tissues on its way to the xylem?

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WhyWater is absorbed by root hairs, crosses the root cortex, and then enters the central xylem.

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Key terms in Transport in plants

Transport system: The network of vascular tissues (xylem and phloem) that moves water, mineral ions and food substances between the roots, stem and leaves of a plant.
Vascular tissue: Specialised plant tissue, made up of xylem and phloem, that conducts substances over long distances through the plant.
Vascular bundle: A strand of conducting tissue containing both xylem and phloem, found in the roots, stems and leaves of a plant.
Xylem: A plant tissue made of dead, hollow cells that transports water and dissolved mineral ions upwards from the roots to the rest of the plant, and also provides support.
Phloem: A plant tissue made of living cells that transports sucrose and amino acids (food) both up and down the plant by translocation.
Xylem vessel: A long, continuous, hollow tube formed from dead cells joined end to end, with no cross walls, that carries water and mineral ions up the plant.
Lignin: A strong, waterproof substance deposited in xylem cell walls that makes them rigid, supports the plant and waterproofs the vessel.
Sieve tube: A living phloem cell, joined end to end with others through perforated sieve plates, that carries dissolved sucrose and amino acids during translocation.

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