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IB Biology C1.2: Cell Resp. — Practice Questions & Answers
IB Biology C1.2 Cell respiration study notes: ATP, anaerobic and aerobic respiration, glycolysis, the role of mitochondria and oxygen.
Here are 10 practice questions with full answers and explanations.
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Practice questions with answers
1
Multiple choice
What is the full name of ATP?
Adenosine triphosphate
Adenosine diphosphate
Adenosine monophosphate
Adenine triphosphate
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Why ATP stands for adenosine triphosphate, an adenosine molecule bonded to three phosphate groups.
2
Multiple choice
What is the primary role of ATP in cells?
To distribute energy within cells
To provide long-term energy storage
To synthesize proteins
To form structural components of cell membranes
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Why ATP acts as the cell's energy currency, distributing usable energy to power cellular processes.
3
Multiple choice
Which cellular process uses ATP as an energy source?
Active transport
Passive diffusion
Osmosis
Facilitated diffusion
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Why Active transport uses ATP to pump molecules across membranes against their concentration gradients.
4
Multiple choice
What happens during the hydrolysis of ATP?
Energy is released
Energy is required
Glucose is synthesized
Oxygen is produced
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Why Hydrolysis of ATP breaks a phosphate bond and releases energy for cellular work.
5
Multiple choice
What is the product of ATP hydrolysis?
ADP and phosphate
Glucose and oxygen
Carbon dioxide and water
Amino acids
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Why ATP hydrolysis produces ADP plus an inorganic phosphate group, releasing energy.
6
Multiple choice
What is the process by which ATP is synthesized from ADP and phosphate?
Phosphorylation
Hydrolysis
Oxidation
Reduction
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Why Phosphorylation adds a phosphate group to ADP to regenerate ATP, storing energy.
7
Multiple choice
What are the principal substrates for cell respiration?
Glucose and fatty acids
Water and minerals
Proteins and lipids
Lipids and glycerol
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Why Glucose and fatty acids are the principal respiratory substrates oxidised to produce ATP.
8
Multiple choice
What is the main difference between cell respiration and gas exchange?
Cell respiration involves ATP production, gas exchange involves gas movement
Gas exchange produces ATP, cell respiration consumes ATP
Cell respiration occurs in the cytoplasm, gas exchange occurs in the lungs
Gas exchange only occurs in plants, cell respiration occurs in both animals and plants
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Why Cell respiration releases energy as ATP, while gas exchange is only the physical movement of gases.
9
Multiple choice
Which type of cell respiration requires oxygen?
Aerobic respiration
Anaerobic respiration
Fermentation
Glycolysis
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Why Aerobic respiration requires oxygen as the final electron acceptor to fully oxidise glucose.
10
Multiple choice
What is the approximate ATP yield from anaerobic respiration of glucose in humans?
Low yield
High yield
No yield
Variable yield
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Why Anaerobic respiration yields little ATP because glucose is only partially broken down without oxygen.
Key terms in Cell Resp.
Cell respiration: The controlled release of energy from organic compounds to produce ATP in living cells.
ATP: Adenosine triphosphate, the cell’s energy currency; hydrolysis to ADP + P<sub>i</sub> releases usable energy.
Anaerobic respiration: Release of energy from glucose without oxygen, giving a small ATP yield in the cytoplasm.
Aerobic respiration: Release of energy from glucose using oxygen, breaking it fully to carbon dioxide and water with a large ATP yield.
Glycolysis: The first stage of respiration, in the cytoplasm, in which glucose is partially broken down to pyruvate with a small net ATP gain; no oxygen required.
Lactate: The product of anaerobic respiration in humans, formed during intense exercise.
Fermentation: Anaerobic respiration in yeast and plants, producing ethanol and carbon dioxide.
Mitochondrion: The double-membraned organelle where the aerobic stages of respiration occur and most ATP is made.
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