IB Diploma · Biology D1.2
IB Biology D1.2: Protein Syn. — Practice Questions & Answers
IB Biology D1.2 protein synthesis study notes: transcription, translation, the genetic code, codons and anticodons, and ribosomes and tRNA.
Here are 10 practice questions with full answers and explanations.
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Practice questions with answers
1
Multiple choice
What is the function of RNA?
- To provide structural support
- To catalyze reactions
- To carry genetic information for protein synthesis
- To store energy
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WhyRNA carries genetic information from DNA to guide protein synthesis.
2
Multiple choice
What is the process of synthesizing RNA from DNA called?
- Diffusion
- Translation
- Replication
- Transcription
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WhyTranscription is the synthesis of an RNA molecule using a DNA template.
3
Multiple choice
What is the process of synthesizing proteins from RNA called?
- Diffusion
- Transcription
- Translation
- Replication
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WhyTranslation is the synthesis of a protein from the codon sequence of mRNA.
4
Multiple choice
What is the role of RNA polymerase?
- Synthesizing RNA during transcription
- Breaking down carbohydrates
- Synthesizing proteins during translation
- Synthesizing DNA during replication
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WhyRNA polymerase synthesises RNA from a DNA template during transcription.
5
Multiple choice
What is a codon?
- A sequence of three nucleotides in ribosomes
- A sequence of amino acids
- A sequence of three nucleotides in tRNA
- A sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA
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WhyA codon is a sequence of three mRNA nucleotides that specifies an amino acid.
6
Multiple choice
What does a codon code for?
- An amino acid
- A lipid
- A nucleotide
- A carbohydrate
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WhyEach codon codes for a specific amino acid during protein synthesis.
7
Multiple choice
What does tRNA do?
- Carries amino acids to ribosomes
- Carries nucleotides to ribosomes
- Carries carbohydrates to ribosomes
- Carries lipids to ribosomes
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WhyTransfer RNA carries specific amino acids to the ribosome for assembly into proteins.
8
Multiple choice
What is RNA splicing?
- The replication of DNA
- The synthesis of proteins from RNA
- The synthesis of RNA from DNA
- The removal of introns and joining of exons in RNA
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WhyRNA splicing removes non-coding introns and joins the remaining exons to form mature mRNA.
9
Multiple choice
What is the process of synthesizing RNA from DNA called?
- Transcription
- Translation
- Reverse transcription
- Replication
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WhyTranscription is the synthesis of an RNA molecule using a DNA template strand.
10
Multiple choice
What is the process of synthesizing proteins from RNA called?
- Replication
- Transcription
- Reverse transcription
- Translation
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WhyTranslation is the synthesis of a polypeptide from the codon sequence of an mRNA molecule.
Key terms in Protein Syn.
Transcription: The synthesis of messenger RNA from a DNA template strand, carried out by RNA polymerase.
Translation: The synthesis of a polypeptide at a ribosome using the codon sequence of mRNA.
Messenger RNA (mRNA): A single-stranded RNA copy of a gene that carries the coded message from the nucleus to a ribosome.
RNA polymerase: The enzyme that builds mRNA by adding complementary RNA nucleotides to a DNA template.
Codon: A sequence of three bases in mRNA that specifies one amino acid or a start or stop signal.
Anticodon: A sequence of three bases on a tRNA molecule that pairs with a complementary mRNA codon.
Transfer RNA (tRNA): An RNA molecule that carries a specific amino acid to the ribosome and matches it to a codon via its anticodon.
Ribosome: The structure that holds mRNA and tRNAs in place and catalyses peptide bond formation during translation.
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