WhyAsexual reproduction involves one parent and mitosis, producing offspring genetically identical to the parent.
2Multiple choice
Sexual reproduction contributes to evolutionary adaptation by:
Producing offspring with new gene combinations
Ensuring that all offspring are genetically identical to their parents, preserving successful traits
Increasing the rate of individual mutations within the genome of each offspring
Directly improving the fitness of every offspring, making them perfectly suited for their current environment
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WhySexual reproduction shuffles alleles into new combinations, increasing variation on which selection can act.
3Multiple choice
Meiosis plays a crucial role in sexual reproduction by:
Breaking up parental allele combinations
Maintaining diploid chromosome numbers
Producing genetically identical cells
Directly creating gametes for asexual reproduction.
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WhyMeiosis, through crossing over and independent assortment, breaks up parental allele combinations to create variation.
4Multiple choice
The fusion of gametes during sexual reproduction is called:
Fertilization
Meiosis
Mitosis
Budding
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WhyFertilisation is the fusion of male and female gametes to form a diploid zygote.
5Multiple choice
Compared to female gametes, male gametes are typically:
Smaller and more mobile
Larger and less mobile
Equal in size and mobility
Containing more food reserves
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WhyMale gametes are typically small and motile, adapted to travel to and reach the larger, immobile egg.
6Multiple choice
The primary function of the human female reproductive system is to:
Produce eggs and support fetal development
Produce sperm
Regulate blood pressure and fluid balance
Produce testosterone
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WhyThe female reproductive system produces eggs and provides the environment for fertilisation and fetal development.
7Multiple choice
Gametes in flowering plants are produced in:
Ovules and pollen grains
Leaves and stems
Roots and flowers
Fruits and seeds
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WhyFemale gametes form within ovules while male gametes are carried in pollen grains in flowering plants.
8Multiple choice
Insect-pollinated flowers are typically:
Brightly colored and scented
Small and inconspicuous
Reduced in size, with absent petals and feathery stigmas to catch airborne pollen
Adapted for underwater pollination, with highly specialized, filamentous pollen grains
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WhyInsect-pollinated flowers are brightly coloured and scented to attract pollinating animals.
9Multiple choice
Cross-pollination is promoted by:
a) Dioecy (separate male and female plants)
b) Dichogamy (stamens and pistils maturing at different times)
c) Heterostyly (different anther and stigma heights)
b) and c) only
b) only
a) b) and c)
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WhySeveral mechanisms together, including separate sexes, timing, and self-incompatibility, promote cross-pollination.
10Multiple choice
Self-incompatibility mechanisms in plants increase:
Genetic diversity within the population by promoting outcrossing and reducing the expression of deleterious recessive alleles through inbreeding depression
The number of seeds produced per flower in all environmental conditions, irrespective of pollinator availability
The probability of self-pollination in hermaphroditic flowers, thereby ensuring reproductive success in isolated environments
The rate of advantageous mutations arising in the plant's genome, leading to faster evolution of new traits
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WhySelf-incompatibility forces outcrossing, raising genetic diversity and reducing harmful recessive alleles being expressed.
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